Kubernetes Penetration Testing Study Notes

Kubernetes has rapidly become the backbone of modern cloud-native infrastructures. With its ability to orchestrate containers, scale applications, and manage workloads seamlessly, it has also introduced new layers of complexity and security risks. As organizations migrate critical workloads to Kubernetes, attackers see it as an attractive target, making Kubernetes penetration testing a crucial skill for both red and blue teams.

This book, Kubernetes Pentesting Notes, serves as a practical guide for security professionals who want to understand, test, and secure Kubernetes environments. It bridges the gap between Kubernetes fundamentals and advanced offensive security techniques. Whether you are a pentester trying to uncover misconfigurations, a DevOps engineer wanting to validate security controls, or a security analyst tasked with protecting cloud workloads, these notes provide actionable insights, tools, and real-world attack paths.

You’ll find coverage of Kubernetes architecture, RBAC exploitation, service exposure, container escapes, privilege escalation, cloud pivoting, and runtime hardening, all presented in a clear and practical format. This is not just theory: the techniques and examples are designed to be tested in real-world labs and enterprise environments.

Table of Contents

• Basics
• Kubernetes RBAC
• Exposing Kubernetes Services
• Finding Exposed Pods & Cluster Services
• Using OSINT
• Port Scanning & API Interactions
• Enumeration
• Locating Kubernetes Authentication Tokens
• Securing the Kubelet API
• Abusing Roles & ClusterRoles
• Kubernetes Breakout (Escape Techniques)
• Pod Breakout & Node Post-Exploitation
• Control Plane Compromise
• Persistence and Other Techniques
• Cloud Pivoting (GCP & AWS)
• Kubernetes Network Attacks
• Kubernetes Security & Hardening
• Runtime Hardening & Security Observability
• Open Policy Agent (OPA) Gatekeeper
• Kubernetes Kyverno
• ValidatingWebhookConfiguration

Who Is This Book For?

This book is designed for:

• Penetration Testers & Red Teamers

Looking to develop hands-on expertise in exploiting Kubernetes clusters, from misconfigured RBAC roles to container escape scenarios.

• Security Analysts & Blue Teamers

Who need to understand common attack paths in order to detect, defend, and audit Kubernetes environments effectively.

• DevOps & Platform Engineers

Seeking to validate the resilience of their Kubernetes deployments and identify weaknesses before attackers do.

• Cloud Security Professionals

Focused on GCP, AWS, and other managed Kubernetes services, who want to learn how attackers pivot between Kubernetes and cloud infrastructure.

• Learners & Students of Cybersecurity

Who want a structured yet practical resource that blends Kubernetes fundamentals with advanced exploitation techniques.

If you are responsible for securing applications, managing cloud-native workloads, or testing infrastructure resilience, this book will equip you with both the mindset and the tools to approach Kubernetes from an attacker’s perspective.

Page Count: 127

Format: PDF

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